• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a rotary feeder (101, 107), which has a housing (2, 4) with an inlet (3) and an outlet (5), a cell wheel (6) with several cells rotatably mounted in the housing, and a drive (7 ) for the cellular wheel (6). With the aid of a control system (13), a method is implemented in which the drive (7) lags behind on detection of a switch-off command and / or elimination of a switch-on command, until the cell wheel (6) moves with respect to one between a cell of the Cell wheel (6) and the inlet (3) / outlet (5) lying relative angle () has reached predetermined or predeterminable position. In particular, the rotary valve (101..107) is suitable for a sanding installation (16) of a rail vehicle (21).
    公开号:AT516793A1
    申请号:T50055/2015
    申请日:2015-01-28
    公开日:2016-08-15
    发明作者:Raffael Bsc Fux；Georg Dipl Ing Dr Krismanic；Andreas MSc Lang；Albert Ing Schneider
    申请人:Knorr-Bremse Ges Mit Beschränkter Haftung；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a rotary valve, which comprises a housing with an inlet and an outlet, a cell wheel rotatably mounted in the housing with a plurality of cells and a drive for the cellular wheel. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for operating a rotary valve, comprising a housing having an inlet and an outlet, a rotatably mounted in the housing cell wheel and a drive for the feeder. In addition, the invention relates to a sanding plant or a spreader for a rail vehicle, comprising a rotary valve of the type mentioned above, which comprises a container connected to the inlet of the rotary valve for receiving brake sand or a connected to the inlet of the rotary valve feed line for the transport of brake sand, and a drain connected to the outlet of the rotary valve for removing brake sand. Finally, the invention relates to a rail vehicle with a sanding system of the type mentioned above.
    A rotary valve, a sanding system and a rail vehicle of the type mentioned are basically known. In general, a rotary feeder is used for portioning or dosing of free-flowing material, for example granules, sand or the like. Their field of application lies in industrial plants but also in sanding systems of rail vehicles, where they are used for the dosing of brake sand. The sand scattered in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle increases its traction during braking and starting.
    For example, AT 505 783 A1 discloses a spreader with a sand inlet coming from a sand container, which opens into a rotating cellular wheel provided with chambers arranged in a star shape for filling the sand flow.
    In general, a rapid onset promotion when switching the rotary valve is desirable, which applies in particular for sanding systems of rail vehicles. However, this requirement is only inadequately solved by rotary valves from the prior art, since a promotion of free-flowing material only delayed after a switch-on begins.
    An object of the invention is therefore to provide an improved rotary valve and an improved method of operation for a rotary valve as well as an improved sanding system and an improved rail vehicle. In particular, the response when switching is to be improved, that is, a promotion of free-flowing Guts should use immediately or at least after a short delay time after a switch-on.
    The object of the invention is achieved with a rotary valve of the type mentioned, which includes a control connected to the drive / control, which is adapted to run the drive upon detection of a switch-off or elimination of a switch-so long until the bucket has reached predetermined or predeterminable position with respect to a relative angle between a cell of the feeder and the inlet / outlet.
    The object of the invention is further achieved by an operating method of the type mentioned above, in which the drive lags behind upon detection of a switch-off command and / or omission of a switch-on command, until the cellular wheel moves with respect to one between a cell of the cell wheel and the inlet / Exhausting relative angle has reached predetermined or predeterminable position.
    The object of the invention is also achieved with a sanding plant / spreader of the type mentioned, in which a rotary valve above design is used.
    Finally, the object of the invention is achieved by a rail vehicle having a sanding plant of the type mentioned above.
    Due to the proposed measures, the cell wheel is stopped upon detection of a switch-off command and / or omission of a switch-on command at a defined position, so that a promotion of free-flowing property at the next power after a defined delay time begins. In particular, it is advantageous if the cell wheel is stopped when switching off the drive so that a boundary wall of a cell comes to lie directly in front of an outlet. In this way, the promotion of free-flowing property sets virtually delay-free after a switch-on. Thus, the response time of the rotary valve and a sanding system can be reduced, so that the braking distance of a rail vehicle is shortened overall.
    The term "immediate" in the above context means in particular that the relative angle between a cell wall / transport wall which delimits a cell of the cell wheel and an opening edge of an outlet in the position in which the cell wheel is finally stopped, less than 20% of the cell angle which lies between two successive cell walls. The opening edge is that edge of the outlet, which first reaches the cell wall / transport wall when moving.
    If said position of the bucket is fixed, the bucket is substantially always stopped at the same position upon detection of a turn-off command in view of the relative angle between the cell of the bucket and the inlet and outlet, respectively. In other words, when the drive is turned off, the bucket is stopped such that a relative angle between the cell of the bucket and the inlet / outlet is substantially always the same.
    The said position can also be predefinable (adjustable). In this case, it may be provided that the drive lags behind upon detection of a command for switching off until the relative angle between a cell of the star feeder and the inlet / outlet has reached the predefinable value. Instead of said relative angle but also another parameter can be used to stop the feeder.
    In general, it can be provided that only a single cell is used as a reference point for stopping the cell wheel. When the drive is switched off, the bucket therefore assumes exactly one predetermined or predefinable position.
    It is also conceivable, however, that several cells, in particular all cells, are used as reference points for stopping the cell wheel. The bucket can therefore take one of several possible positions when switching off the drive. If all cells are used as reference points, the number of possible positions corresponds to the number of cells.
    Further advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and from the description in conjunction with the figures. It is favorable if the rotary valve has means for determining the relative angle between the cellular wheel and the housing. With the help of these means it is possible in a simple manner to stop the bucket in a defined position.
    It is advantageous in the above context if the means for determining said relative angle are formed by at least one, in the region of the housing, inductive proximity sensor. In particular, the at least one inductive proximity sensor is arranged on or in the housing. In doing so, one makes use of the fact that the star-shaped cell walls influence the magnetic field generated by the inductive proximity sensor differently than the area located between the cell walls. Upon rotation of the cell wheel, there is thus a periodic received signal in the inductive proximity sensor, which can be used for the positioning of the cell wheel. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, only a single inductive proximity sensor is provided in the region of the housing.
    But it is also advantageous if the means for determining said relative angle by at least one magnet arranged on or in the cell wheel and by at least one arranged in the region of the housing sensor for detecting a magnetic field, in particular by a reed relay or a Hall sensor, are formed. As the bucket rotates, the magnets again cause a periodic signal in the sensor which can be used to position the bucket. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a number of magnets corresponding to the number of cells of the cell wheel and a single sensor for detecting a magnetic field, or a number of sensors corresponding to the number of cells of the cell wheel and a single magnet are provided. In particular, the sensor for detecting a magnetic field is arranged on or in the housing.
    In a further advantageous embodiment of the rotary valve, the means for determining the said relative angle are formed by a rotary encoder, which is arranged on a shaft of the cell wheel. Such (digital or analog) rotary encoder usually have a very high angular resolution, whereby the bucket can be stopped in almost any position. Of course, such a rotary encoder can be used even when using a transmission. In particular, when the transmission is speed-reducing, a rotary encoder mounted on the motor side allows a particularly high resolution of the rotary angle of the cellular wheel.
    It is therefore also advantageous in the above context if the drive is formed by or comprises a rotary motor and the means for determining said relative angle are formed by a rotary encoder which is arranged on a shaft of the rotary motor, or if the rotary motor with a Rotary encoder is equipped. In principle, DC motors, synchronous motors and asynchronous motors can be used equally for the drive. Of course, a rotary encoder can basically be used on a shaft of a transmission, if such is provided.
    In a further advantageous embodiment variant, the drive is formed by a stepping motor or comprises one. This allows the stop of the feeder in almost any position even without the use of a rotary encoder.
    It is also advantageous if the number of cells of the cell wheel is not integer divisible by the number of outlets. In this way, at least partially different difference angle between the outlets and the cells of the cell wheel arise at any position of the cell. In this way, the follow-up time of the feeder can be reduced because there is also a smallest difference angle because of the different differential angles. It is advantageous, then, to use the cell wheel wall for positioning the cell wheel, which has the smallest difference angle to the final position in front of an outlet.
    It is particularly advantageous if a cell of the cell wheel is bounded on one side by a cell wall / transport wall pointing in a direction of rotation of the cell wheel, which extends from an inner diameter of the cell wheel to an outer diameter thereof, the housing having a plurality of pairs associated with one another and in the direction of rotation an inlet has an opening edge which extends from an inner diameter of the housing to an outer diameter thereof, at least one concentric circle with the cell exists, which the transport walls of the feeder at several Zellenrad-intersections and the Opening edges of the outlets intersects at a plurality of outlet intersections, and which are all different lengths on this circle between each one cell intersection and one outlet intersection arc sections.
    In other words, the difference angles between the outlets and the cells of the cell wheel at any position of the cell wheel (all) are different in size, for the outlets in each case the same outlet reference points and for the cells each Zellenrad-reference points are used. Concretely, as an outlet reference point, an outlet intersection and as
    Cell wheel reference point provided a cellular wheel intersection, which result by cutting a circle with the opening edges or transport walls. From the fulcrum of the bucket wheel, bucket wheel radial beams may be drawn to the bucket wheel intersections and outlet radial beams to the outlet cut points. The difference angles between a cellular wheel radial jet and an outlet radial jet are all different in size. By the proposed measures, the follow-up time can be further reduced if the cell wheel wall is used for the positioning of the cell wheel, which has the smallest difference angle to the final position in front of an outlet.
    The inequality of said circular arc sections or differential angle is given in particular even if the cell walls and the outlets are arranged uniformly distributed over the circumference and the least common multiple of lying between two successive cell walls cell angle and the outlet angle, which lies between two opening edges of two successive outlets , greater than or equal to 360 °. In this way, the follow-up time of the feeder can also be kept low, or the response of the rotary valve can be improved. It is favorable if the rotational speed of the cellular wheel is set in accordance with the material flow to be led through the rotary feeder. This succeeds particularly well when using a rotary encoder or stepper motor. It is also favorable if a time for switching off the drive is set according to the amount of material to be led through the rotary feeder and based on the time elapsed since switching on the drive and the speed of the feeder or based on the rotation angle traveled by the starter since switching on the drive.
    In this way, the rotary valve can be used well for portioning the flowable Guts. It is also favorable if the amount of material guided through the rotary valve between switching on and off the drive corresponds to an integral multiple of the quantity received in the cell wheel or in the cell of the cell wheel. In this case, it is particularly favorable if a predetermined desired value for the quantity of material to be led through the rotary feeder is rounded up or down to an integral multiple of the quantity received in the feeder or in one cell of the feeder. As a result, practically any amount of material to be transported can be specified, without having to take into account the specific conditions caused by the rotary feeder.
    When using the operating method for a rotary valve in a sanding plant of a rail vehicle, it is particularly advantageous if the drive only runs after recognition of a switch-off command and / or omission of a switch-on command if the rail vehicle exceeds a predefinable minimum speed. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous if the control / regulation of the sanding plant / spreader is set up to let the drive run on recognition of a switch-off and / or omission of a switch-on command only when the rail vehicle exceeds a predetermined minimum speed. In this way, accumulations of brake sand on the rails are avoided when driving slowly or when the rail vehicle stops. In a further consequence, a faulty behavior of an electronic track-busy detection is thus avoided, which can occur in particular when the rail vehicle ascends to larger amounts of braking sand and an electrical resistance between the track and rail vehicle is so high that the track is no longer is recognized as occupied. Serious accidents with personal injury and property damage can be the result. The above measures can prevent such accidents.
    It is also particularly advantageous if the drive tracks upon detection of a switch-off command and / or omission of a switch-on command with a dependent on the speed of the rail vehicle speed. Accordingly, it is particularly advantageous if the control / regulation of the sanding plant / spreader is set up to run the drive upon detection of a switch-off and / or omission of a switch-on with a dependent of the speed of the rail vehicle speed. In particular, the speed of the drive increases with increasing speed of the rail vehicle. In this way, the above accumulations of brake sand on the track can also be avoided. In particular, it is also advantageous if the two measures occur in combination. For example, a minimum speed of the rail vehicle can be provided, from which the drive of the rotary valve with increasing speed of the rail vehicle turns faster and faster.
    At this point, attention is drawn to the fact that the variants disclosed for the rotary feeder and the resulting advantages relate equally to the method of operation for a rotary feeder, to the sanding plant and to the rail vehicle and vice versa.
    For a better understanding of the invention, this will be explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.
    In each case, in a highly simplified, schematic representation:
    1 shows a first schematically illustrated example of a rotary valve with direct drive and position control / regulation.
    Fig. 2 as shown in Figure 1, only with a arranged between the engine and starter gear.
    3 is a plan view of a rotary valve with a number of magnets on the cell wheel corresponding to the number of cells and a single sensor for detecting the same;
    Fig. 4 as in Fig. 3, only with a different end position of the feeder;
    5 shows a rotary valve in plan view with a number of cells corresponding number of sensors and a single magnet on the cell wheel.
    6 shows a rotary valve in plan view with an inductive proximity sensor;
    7 shows an example of a rotary valve in which the number of cells of the cell wheel and the number of outlets are not integer divisible and
    8 shows a schematically illustrated example of a sanding installation in a rail vehicle.
    By way of introduction, it should be noted that in the differently described embodiments, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals or the same component names, wherein the disclosures contained in the entire description can be mutatis mutandis to the same parts with the same reference numerals or component names. Also, the location information chosen in the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc. related to the immediately described and illustrated figure and are to be transferred to the new situation mutatis mutandis when a change in position. Furthermore, individual features or combinations of features from the illustrated and described different embodiments may represent for themselves, inventive or inventive solutions.
    Fig. 1 shows a first, schematically illustrated example of a rotary valve 101, which has a housing with an upper housing part 2 with overhead outlets 3 and a lower housing part 4 with underlying outlets 5 and a rotatably mounted in the housing 2, 4 cell wheel 6 with a plurality of cells. Furthermore, the rotary valve 101 comprises a coupled to the feeder 6 drive 7, which is designed here as a rotary motor (in particular as an electric motor). In addition, the arrangement comprises an optional connected to the inlets 3 of the rotary valve 101 bulk material container 8 for receiving a riesel capable Guts respectively a feed tube for transporting the free-flowing Guts and an optional connected to the outlets 5 of the rotary valve 101 derivative 9 for (Ab) transport of free-flowing Guts. The discharge 9 is connected in this example via an optional collector 10 to the rotary valve 101. The motor 7 is arranged below the outlets 5 and coupled in the concrete example shown in FIG. 1 via a shaft 11 to the cellular wheel 6. In addition, rotary valve 101 includes an optional activator 12 coupled to the shaft 11, which is arranged in the container 8.
    In Fig. 1, the container 8 of the better representability is shown transparent. The feed tube or the bulk material container 8, the collector 10 and the discharge pipe 9 are not necessarily part of the rotary valve 101 and therefore shown with thin lines. In addition, the shaft 11 is possibly shown longer than it is in reality in order to clearly illustrate the coupling between the bucket 6 and the motor 7 in the exploded view.
    In addition to the parts already mentioned, the rotary valve 101 also includes a motor / drive 7 connected control / regulation 13, which is adapted to run the drive 7 upon detection of a switch-off or elimination of a switch-so long until the feeder 6 a has reached predetermined or predeterminable position with respect to a relative angle between a cell of the cellular wheel 6 and the inlet 3 / the outlet 5.
    Finally, the rotary valve 101 comprises a magnet 14 arranged on or in the cell wheel 6 and a sensor 15 for detecting a magnetic field arranged in the region of the housing 2, 4, which in this example form means for determining the relative angle between the cellular wheel 6 and the housing 2, 4. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the sensor 15 for detecting a magnetic field is constituted by a reed relay. Alternatively, a Hall sensor or another sensor could be used to detect a magnetic field.
    The function of the rotary valve 101 is now as follows: Free-flowing material, for example granules, sand or the like, is fed to the rotary valve 101 via the feed tube / bulk goods container 8. Via the two inlets 3, it penetrates into the chambers of the cellular wheel 6, but does not pass further when the cellular wheel 6 is at a standstill. If the cell wheel 6 is set in rotation, then the cellular wheel blades push the material located in the cellular wheel chambers to the outlets 5, where it passes into the collector 10 and is transported away there via the discharge pipe 9, for example with the aid of compressed air. About the shaft 11 driven by the activator 12 prevents the free-flowing material clumps. This can for this purpose as shown ribs, but also be equipped with slightly further projecting impellers.
    In the example illustrated in FIG. 1, the housing 2, 4 has two inlets 3 and two outlets 5. Furthermore, the cellular wheel 6 has six chambers / cells. Of course, this is only to be seen as an illustrative example. Of course, the number of inlets 3 and outlets 5 and the chambers may differ from the representation.
    In particular, the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 may form or be part of a sanding system or spreader 16 of a rail vehicle. The free-flowing material is formed in this case by brake sand, which is fed portioned by the rotary valve 101 to the wheels of a rail vehicle and there improves its traction when starting and braking (see also Fig. 8).
    In Fig. 1, the axis of rotation of the feeder 6 and the motor shaft are arranged coaxially. It would also be conceivable that the two axes are aligned parallel to each other. 2 shows an example of a rotary valve 102, in which the motor 7 drives the shaft 11 via a gear 17, which is arranged below the housing 2.4. The transmission 17 may be formed, for example, as a belt transmission, chain drive or as a spur gear. As belt, for example, flat belt, round belt, toothed belt, V-belt or V-ribbed belt into consideration.
    Of course, a parallel or coaxial alignment of the axis of rotation of the star feeder 6 and the motor shaft is not mandatory, but these can also be arranged at an angle to each other. For example, the motor 7 and the shaft 11 via a bevel gear, crown gear, worm gear or via a Torusgetriebe (available from Tedec AG, http://torus-gear.com) be coupled together.
    As mentioned, the drive 7 runs on detection of a switch-off and / or omission of a switch-on until the cellular wheel 6 has reached a predetermined or specifiable position with respect to a lying between a cell of the feeder 6 and the inlet 3 / outlet 5 relative position , In the example shown concretely, the control / regulation 13 effects a run-on of the cellular wheel 6 until the magnet 14 causes a change in the switching state of the reed relay 15, which is evaluated by the control 13. That is, the bucket 6 does not stop immediately at a turn-off and / or omission of a switch-on, but continues to rotate until the position shown in Figures 1 and 2 is reached. Thus, a boundary wall of a cell comes to lie directly in front of the outlet 5.
    As a result, the response time of the rotary valve 101, 102 is shortened or minimized, since at the next switch-on command immediately free-flowing material is conveyed into the outlet 5. In the case of a sanding system 16 of a rail vehicle so the same can be shortened the braking distance.
    In the examples according to FIG. 1 or 2, only a single cell is used as a reference point for stopping the cellular wheel 6. The feeder 6 therefore assumes exactly one predetermined position when the drive 7 is switched off.
    It is also conceivable, however, for the cell wheel 6 to be stopped, several cells, in particular all cells, are used as reference points. The cellular wheel 6 can thus take one of several possible positions when switching off the drive 7. If all cells are used as reference points, the number of possible positions corresponds to the number of cells.
    3 shows an example of a rotary valve 103 in plan view with the housing upper part 2 removed, wherein the cellular wheel 6 has one of the cells corresponding number of magnets 14 and rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow in the counterclockwise direction. It is advantageous that after the switch-off command, the cellular wheel 6 travels at a maximum for a rotation angle of 60 ° and, therefore, statistically comes to a standstill faster and allows less free-flowing material to pass through than the cellular wheel 6 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. From FIG Furthermore, it can be seen that only one reed relay 15 is necessary and this also need not necessarily be arranged in the region of the outlet 5. In principle, the relative angle α can be specified as desired. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, this is relatively large, whereas the relative angle α in the arrangement shown in FIG. 4 is a = 0 and a cell wall / transport wall 18 is stopped directly in front of the outlet 5 during a switch-off command or omission of the switch-on command becomes. The response of the rotary valve 104 when switching on is therefore particularly good. In FIG. 4, a position close to the outlet 5 has also been selected for the reed relay 15 purely by way of example.
    5 shows a variant of a rotary valve 105, in which the cellular wheel 6 has only one magnet 14, but around the rotary valve 105, however, a number of reed relays 15 corresponding to the cells is arranged. Also in this way, the star feeder 6 comes to a stop at a switch-off or removal of the switch-on quickly at a predetermined position to a standstill. In FIG. 5, the cellular wheel 6 is stopped, for example, slightly in front of the outlet 5.
    6 shows a variant of a rotary valve 106, in which an inductive proximity sensor 19 is arranged in the region of the housing 2, 4. In particular, only a single inductive proximity sensor 19 is provided in this example. In this case, one makes use of the circumstance that the electromagnetic field generated by the inductive proximity sensor 19 is more strongly influenced in the region of a cell wall 18 than in another position of the cellular wheel 6. Magnets 14 can be dispensed with in this case. Structurally, the embodiment variant shown in FIG. 6 is similar to the embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, since likewise only a single sensor is necessary in order to stop the cellular wheel 6 in six different positions.
    In the examples shown so far, it has been assumed that with a switch-off command / removal of the switch-on command with regard to the relative angle α between the cell / cell wall 18 of the cellular wheel 6 and the inlet 3 or the outlet 5, the cellular wheel 6 is always substantially at the same position is stopped. In other words, when the drive 7 is switched off, the cellular wheel 6 is stopped such that a relative angle α lying between the cell / cell wall 18 of the cellular wheel 6 and the inlet 3 / outlet 5 is essentially always the same. The rest position of the cellular wheel 6 is thus fixed.
    But this is not a mandatory condition, but the rest position of the bucket 6 can also be predetermined (adjustable). In this case, it can be provided that the drive 7 lags behind upon detection of a command for switching off until the relative angle α lying between a cell / cell wall 18 of the cellular wheel 6 and the inlet 3 / outlet 5 has reached the predefinable value. For example, the reed relay 15 or the inductive proximity sensor 19 can be adjustable for this purpose. It would also be conceivable for the cellular wheel 6 to have a plurality of magnets 14, which are arranged at a smaller distance from each other than the cell walls 18. By counting the pulses occurring at the reed relay 15 when the cellular wheel 6 rotates, the cellular wheel 6 can be stopped in a predeterminable position ,
    However, it is particularly advantageous if the means for determining said relative angle α are formed by a rotary encoder, which is arranged on the shaft 11 or on the motor shaft. Such (digital or analog) rotary encoder usually have a very high angular resolution, whereby the bucket 6 can be stopped in a nearly arbitrary position. Of course, such a rotary encoder can be used even when using a transmission 17. In particular, if the transmission 17 is speed kenden, allows a motor side mounted encoder a particularly high resolution of the rotation angle of the feeder 6. Generally, it is of course also possible to integrate the rotary encoder in the motor 7 and to use a motor 7, which is equipped with a rotary encoder , In principle, DC motors, synchronous motors and asynchronous motors can equally be used as the drive 7. Of course, the rotary win encoder can also be arranged on a shaft of the transmission 17.
    In a further advantageous embodiment variant, a stepper motor 7 is used. This allows the stop of the bucket 6 in an almost arbitrary position even without the use of a rotary encoder.
    In general, the rotational speed of the cellular wheel 6 can be adjusted in accordance with the flow of material to be guided through the rotary feeder 101 .106, which in turn succeeds particularly well when using a rotary encoder or stepping motor. In principle, the rotational speed of the cellular wheel 6 can be adjusted with the aid of one of the arrangements according to FIGS. 1 to 6.
    It is also advantageous if a time for switching off the drive 7 according to the amount of material to be led by the rotary valve 101..106 and based on the time elapsed since the drive 7 and the speed of the star feeder 6 or on the basis of since switching on the drive 7 set by the feeder 6 angle of rotation is set. In this way, the rotary valve 101..106 can be used well for portioning the free-flowing Guts. It is particularly advantageous in this case if the quantity of material guided between switching on and off of the drive 7 by the rotary valve 101..106 corresponds to an integral multiple of the quantity received in the cell wheel 6 or in a cell of the cell wheel 6. If the predetermined amount does not directly meet the above condition, it may also be provided that a predetermined desired value for the amount of material to be led through the rotary valve 101, 106 to an integral multiple of the quantity received in the cell wheel 6 or in a cell of the cell wheel 6 - or rounded off.
    It is generally advantageous if the number of cells of the cellular wheel 6 is not integer divisible by the number of outlets 5. In this way, at least some different difference angles between the outlets 5 and the cells of the cellular wheel 6 result at any position of the cellular wheel 6. As a result, the follow-up time of the cellular wheel 6 can be reduced because there is also a smallest differential angle because of the different differential angles. It is advantageous, then, to use the cell wheel wall 18 for the positioning of the cellular wheel 6, which has the smallest difference angle to the final position in front of an outlet 5.
    In a further particularly advantageous variant, a rotary valve 101 .106 has the following features: a cell of the cellular wheel 6 is bounded on one side by a cell wall / transport wall 18 pointing in a direction of rotation of the cellular wheel 6, which extends from an inner diameter of the cellular wheel 6 an outer diameter of the same, the housing 2, 4 has a plurality of mutually paired and arranged in the direction of rotation of the bucket 6 alternately inlets 3 and outlets 5, an outlet 5 has an opening edge 20, which from an inner diameter of the housing 4 to a outer diameter of the same, there is at least one concentric with the bucket 6 circle d, which intersects the transport walls 18 of the feeder 6 at a plurality of cellular wheel intersections X1, .X7 and the opening edges 20 of the outlets 5 at a plurality of outlet intersections Y1..Y3 , and on this circle d between each a cellular wheel Schnittp each of the arc points X1 ..X7 and one outlet intersection Y1 ..Y3 are all of different lengths.
    Fig. 7 shows what is meant by this. Specifically, a cell wheel 6 is shown with seven cells and a lower housing part 4 with three outlets 5, which are shown hatched in this example for better visibility. The cell walls 18 and the opening edges 20 each extend (strictly) radially. Of course, it would also be conceivable for the cell walls 18 and opening edges 20 to extend in an arc-shaped manner to the outside and thus have a radial component and a tangential component.
    Purely by way of example, in FIG. 7, the circular arc d is drawn, which intersects the cell walls 18 and opening edges 20 at the cellular wheel intersections X1..X7 and outlet intersections Y1..Y3 (in FIG. 7, the cellular wheel intersections X1 Of course, this is not the only circle d which satisfies this condition, but there are still others.
    The circular arc sections lying on this circle d between each one cell-wheel intersection X1 ..X7 and one outlet-intersection Y1 ..Y3 are each of different lengths. For example, the circular arc section lying between the cellular wheel intersection point X1 and the outlet intersection point Y2 has a different length than the circular arc section lying between the cellular wheel intersection point X2 and the outlet intersection point Y3. No arc section has the same length as another arc section.
    In other words, the difference angles between the outlets 5 and the cells of the cellular wheel 6 are different in any position of the cellular wheel (all). From the fulcrum of the bucket wheel 6, bucket wheel radial jets can be drawn to the bucket cut points X1..X7 and outlet radial jets to the exit cut points Y1 ... Y3. The difference angles between a cellular wheel radial jet and an outlet radial jet are all different in size.
    In other words, the least common multiple of the cell angle lying between two successive cell walls 18 and the outlet angle between two successive opening edges 20 is greater than or equal to 360 °. Also in this way, the above advantages can be achieved. However, the condition is valid only when the cell walls 18 and opening edges 20 are evenly distributed over the circumference. In principle, however, an uneven division of the cell walls 18 and / or opening edges 20 over the circumference is possible in order to achieve the mentioned advantages, that is, on the circle d between each one cell-wheel intersection X1 ..X7 and one outlet intersection Y1 , .Y3 lying arc sections all run different lengths.
    In this way, the follow-up time of the cellular wheel 6 can be further reduced, since the difference angle between the individual cell walls / transport walls 18 and the individual opening edges 20 are of different sizes and therefore also a smallest differential angle exists. For the example shown concretely in FIG. 7, this means that it is advantageous to let the cellular wheel 6 run on until the cell-wheel intersection X3 has reached the outlet-intersection Y2. The second best option is to run the bucket wheel 6 until the bucket cut point X1 has reached the outlet cut point Y1, the third best is to let the bucket wheel 6 run on until the bucket cut point X6 clears the outlet Interface Y3 has reached. Less advantageous, although it is also possible to let the bucket 6 run after until the feeder point X5 has reached the outlet point of intersection Y3.
    Finally, FIG. 8 shows a specific field of application for a rotary valve 101 .107. This is in the example shown in FIG. 8 part of a sanitation system 16 of a rail vehicle 21. The sanding system 16 includes a rotary valve 101..107, a sand container 8, a collector 10, a motor 7 and a controller 13th The collector 10 is connected to a compressor 22 and also connected to a discharge pipe 9 with a drop tube 23. In the specific example, the rail vehicle 21 comprises two sanding plants 16, which are connected to a central control 24.
    During braking, the central controller 24 causes the motor controller 13 of the rotary valve 101 ..107 to activate the motor 7 and thus to rotate the feeder wheel 6. Here, for example, a switch-on for the motor 7 with a brake command for the rail vehicle 21 and / or a Command for starting the rail vehicle 21 coupled. At the same time, the grain compressor 22 or, if the compressor 22 is running anyway, only one solenoid valve in the compressed air line is activated. As a result, brake sand is metered transported from the container 8 to the downpipe 23 and falls from there in front of the wheels of the rail vehicle 21 in order to increase the traction during braking and when starting.
    If no more brake sand is needed, for example, because the rail vehicle 21 has come to a standstill, a switch-off command is sent to the controller 13 from the central controller 24, or simply the switch-on command is canceled. However, the cellular wheel 6 does not immediately come to a standstill, but continues to run in the manner described above until it has reached a defined position. In this way, the response of the rotary valve 101.107 is improved, whereby the braking distance of the rail vehicle 21 and the time required for starting shortened. After elimination of the sanding signal from the rail vehicle 21 and the compressor 22 and the solenoid valve is advantageously still driven until the still located in the pipe 9 sand was discharged.
    In an advantageous embodiment, a run-on of the motor 7 is initiated by the controller 13 only when the rail vehicle 21 exceeds a predeterminable minimum speed. Alternatively or additionally, the motor 7 can be run at a speed dependent on the speed of the rail vehicle 21. In this way, accumulations of brake sand on the rails during slow travel or stop of the rail vehicle 21 and consequently a faulty behavior of an electronic track-busy detection are avoided. Accumulations of brake sand can increase the electrical resistance between rail and rail vehicle 21 so far that a track occupied by a rail vehicle 21 is no longer recognized as such. The above measures can prevent serious personal injury and property damage.
    It should be noted at this point that the cellular wheel 6 has been drawn in FIG. 8 for the better informative value of the schematic illustration with a horizontally oriented axis of rotation of the cellular wheel 6. Of course, Fig. 8 relates fully unrestricted also for cellular wheels 6 with vertically oriented axis of rotation and thus in particular to the embodiments shown in Figures 1 to 7. In general, the teaching disclosed in connection with FIGS. 1 to 7 naturally applies not only to cellular wheels 6 with a vertically oriented axis of rotation, but also unrestrictedly to cellular wheels 6 with a horizontally aligned axis of rotation. Here, too, an improvement in the response time is achieved with the aid of the measures taken.
    The exemplary embodiments show possible embodiments of a rotary valve 100.107 according to the invention, a sanitation system 16 according to the invention and a rail vehicle 21 according to the invention, it being noted at this point that the invention is not restricted to the specifically illustrated embodiments thereof, but rather also various combinations the individual embodiments are mutually possible and this variation possibility due to the doctrine of technical action by representational invention in the skill of those working in this technical field expert. So are all conceivable embodiments, which are possible by combinations of individual details of the illustrated and described embodiment variant, includes the scope of protection.
    In particular, it should be noted that although a portion of the embodiments are directed to an application of the featured rotary valve 100..107 in a sanding system 16 of a rail vehicle 21, the rotary valve 100..107 can of course be used in other technical fields, for example in industrial and / or chemical plants for portioning or dosing of substances to be processed.
    In particular, it is noted that the illustrated devices may in reality also comprise more or fewer components than shown.
    In particular, it is also pointed out that the circumferential ring of the cellular wheel 6 shown in the figures is advantageous but not mandatory for the proposed measures. Of course, the disclosed technical teaching is fully applicable to cellular wheels 6 without circumferential ring.
    It should also be noted that, although the feeder 6 has been positioned relative to an outlet 5 in the examples presented, it is of course also possible to position it relative to an inlet 3, since these are indeed fixed relative to the outlets 5.
    For the sake of order, it should finally be pointed out that, for a better understanding of the structure of the rotary valve 100, 107, the sanding system 16 and the rail vehicle 21, this or its components have not been shown to scale and / or enlarged and / or reduced in size ,
    The task underlying the independent inventive solutions can be taken from the description.
    List of Reference Numerals 101..107 Rotary valve 2 Housing top 3 Inlet 4 Housing bottom 5 Outlet 6 Cell wheel 7 Drive / motor 8 Sand tank / sandbox 9 Outlet pipe / drain 10 Collector 11 Shaft 12 Activator / stirrer 13 Motor control 14 Magnet 15 Magnetic field sensor 16 Sanding plant / Spreader 17 Transmission 18 Cell wall / transport wall 19 Inductive proximity sensor 20 Opening edge 21 Rail vehicle 22 Compressor 23 Downpipe 24 Central control α Relative angle Cell wall / opening edge d Circle X1..X7 Intersection circle / cell wall Y1..Y3 Intersection circle / opening edge
    权利要求:
    Claims (21)
    [1]
    claims
    1. Rotary valve (101..107), comprising a housing (2, 4) with an inlet (3) and an outlet (5), a rotatably mounted in the housing cell wheel (6) with a plurality of cells and a drive (7) for the cellular wheel (6), characterized by a with the drive (7) connected control / regulation (13), which is adapted to run the drive (7) upon detection of a switch-off or elimination of a switch-on so long until the feeder (6) has reached a predetermined or presettable position with respect to a relative angle (a) between a cell of the cell wheel (6) and the inlet (3) / outlet (5).
    [2]
    2. Rotary valve (101..107) according to claim 1, characterized by means (14, 15, 19) for determining the relative angle (a) between the cellular wheel (6) and housing (2,4).
    [3]
    3. Rotary valve (101 ..107) according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for determining said relative angle (a) by at least one in the region of the housing (2, 4) arranged, inductive proximity sensor (19) are formed.
    [4]
    4. Rotary valve (101 ..107) according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for determining said relative angle (a) by at least one on or in the cellular wheel (6) arranged magnet (14) and by at least one in the region of the housing (2, 4) arranged sensor (15) are formed for detecting a magnetic field.
    [5]
    5. Rotary valve (101 ..107) according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for determining said relative angle (a) are formed by a rotary encoder, which on a shaft (11) of the cell wheel (6) is arranged.
    [6]
    6. Rotary valve (101..107) according to claim 2, characterized in that the drive (7) is formed by a rotary motor or comprises such and the means for determining said relative angle (a) are formed by a rotary encoder, which on a shaft of the rotary motor is arranged, or the rotary motor is equipped with a rotary encoder.
    [7]
    7. Rotary valve (101..107) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the drive (7) is formed by a stepper motor or includes such.
    [8]
    8. Rotary valve (101..107) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the number of cells of the cell wheel (6) is not integer by the number of outlets (5) divisible.
    [9]
    9. rotary valve (101..107) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a cell of the cell wheel (6) on one side by a in a direction of rotation of the cellular wheel (6) facing cell wall / transport wall (18) is limited which is of an inner diameter of the cellular wheel (6) to an outer diameter thereof, the housing (2, 4) has a plurality of mutually paired and in the direction of rotation of the cellular wheel (6) alternately arranged inlets (3) and outlets (5), an outlet (5) has an opening edge (20) which extends from an inner diameter of the housing (2, 4) to an outer diameter thereof, at least one concentric circle (d) with the cellular wheel (6) exists, which surrounds the transport walls ( 18) of the cellular wheel (6) at a plurality of cellular wheel intersections (X1..X7) and the opening edges (20) of the outlets (5) at a plurality of outlet intersections (Y1..Y3) intersects and on this circle (d) between each one Ze llenrad-Schnittpunkt (X1 ..X7) and each one outlet intersection (Y1 ..Y3) lying arc sections are all different lengths.
    [10]
    10. Rotary valve (101..107) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the least common multiple of lying between two successive cell walls (18) cell angle and the outlet angle between two opening edges (20) of two successive outlets ( 5) is greater than or equal to 360 °.
    [11]
    11. sanding system / spreader (16) for a rail vehicle (21), comprising a rotary valve (101..107) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by a with the inlet (3) of the rotary valve (101 ..107) connected Container (8) for receiving brake sand or a feed line connected to the inlet (3) of the rotary feeder (101..107) for transporting brake sand and a discharge line (10) connected to the outlet (5) of the rotary feeder (101.. ) for the removal of brake sand.
    [12]
    12. Sandungsanlage / spreader (16) according to claim 11, characterized in that the control / regulation (13) is adapted to run the drive (7) upon detection of a switch-off and / or omission of a switch-on command a) only then, if the rail vehicle (21) exceeds a predefinable minimum speed, and / or b) to run at a speed dependent on the speed of the rail vehicle (21).
    [13]
    13. Rail vehicle (21), characterized by a sanding system (16) according to claim 11 or 12.
    [14]
    14. A method for operating a rotary valve (101..107), comprising a housing (2, 4) with an inlet (3) and an outlet (5), in the housing (2, 4) rotatably mounted cellular wheel (6) and a drive (7) for the cellular wheel (6), characterized in that the drive (7) runs after recognition of a switch-off command and / or omission of a switch-on until the cellular wheel (6) with respect to a between a cell of Cell wheel (6) and the inlet (3) / outlet (5) lying relative angle (a) has reached predetermined or predeterminable position.
    [15]
    15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the cellular wheel (6) when switching off the drive (7) is stopped so that a boundary wall (18) of a cell (6) comes to lie directly in front of the outlet (5).
    [16]
    16. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 15, characterized in that the rotational speed of the cellular wheel (6) is adjusted according to the material flow through the rotary valve (101 ..107).
    [17]
    17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that a time for switching off the drive (7) according to the amount of material to be led through the rotary valve (101..107) and on the basis of since the switching on of the drive (7) elapsed Time and the rotational speed of the bucket (6) or based on the since switching on the drive (7) from the bucket (6) covered angle of rotation is set.
    [18]
    18. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 17, characterized in that between a switching on and a switching off of the drive (7) by the rotary valve (101 ..107) guided amount of material an integer multiple of the cell wheel (6) or in corresponds to a cell of the cell wheel (6) recorded amount.
    [19]
    19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that a predetermined setpoint value for the amount of material to be led through the rotary feeder (101 ..107) to an integer multiple of the amount received in the cell wheel (6) respectively in a cell of the feeder (6) - or rounded off.
    [20]
    20. Use of the method according to any one of claims 14 to 19 in a sanding plant (16) of a rail vehicle (21).
    [21]
    21. Use according to claim 20, characterized in that the drive (7) upon detection of a switch-off and / or omission of a switch-on a) only lags behind when the rail vehicle (21) exceeds a predetermined minimum speed, and / or b) with a runs after the speed of the rail vehicle (21) dependent speed.
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    同族专利:
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    EP3250434A1|2017-12-06|
    WO2016118995A1|2016-08-04|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    AT503939B1|2006-09-26|2008-02-15|Goldmann Norbert|METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING AND PREPARING THE SAND SUPPLY IN A SAND VESSEL OF A SANDING DEVICE OF A VEHICLE, IN PARTICULAR A RAIL VEHICLE|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA50055/2015A|AT516793B1|2015-01-28|2015-01-28|Rotary valve and sanding system for a rail vehicle with improved response|ATA50055/2015A| AT516793B1|2015-01-28|2015-01-28|Rotary valve and sanding system for a rail vehicle with improved response|
    PCT/AT2016/050014| WO2016118995A1|2015-01-28|2016-01-26|Cellular wheel sluice and sanding system for a rail vehicle having improved response behavior|
    EP16705709.0A| EP3250434B1|2015-01-28|2016-01-26|Cellular rotary valve and sanding system for a rail vehicle having improved response behavior|
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